However it is a dead reckoning system with accumulating errors which increase as the duration or distance of travel increases.
The main advantage of the inertial navigation system is that it operates independently of signals from the ground. Using accelerometers such as the PIGA sensor above, or electronic sensors, coupled with integrators, the position in space and orientation of the vehicle can be determined. Inertial navigation systems are based on a stabilised reference platform consisting of three orthogonal gyroscopes which maintain a fixed reference orientation in space, independent of any motion of the vehicle in which they are mounted.
Stabilised Platform and Inertial Navigation This second integration was initially accomplished by mechanical integrators but is now performed electronically.
It is also used to measure distance travelled by integrating the speed over time. The PIGA device is essentially a rate gyro, constrained by the electrical torque motor, used to measure acceleration and speed by integrating the acceleration over time. The mechanical device shown here uses gyroscopic forces to determine acceleration. Many devices for measuring acceleration have been developed. Unlike the magnetic compass the gyrocompass is immune to the affects of nearby magnetic (iron) structures which can cause inaccuracies in the bearings indicated by the pointer in a magnetic compass. The gyrocompass uses a spinning gyroscope, pre-set to point north (or any other desired bearing) and it will maintain this reference bearing no matter what manoeuvres the vehicle in which it is mounted may make. The resistance to precession is directly proportional to the gyroscope's angular momentum which is the product of its mass and its rate of rotation. The gyroscope's axis, like that of a top, will tend to remain fixed in space, but if it is perturbed by an external force it will move or precess at a right angle to the force exerted. Thus a spinning gyroscope may be moved freely in space by means of its supporting frame without disturbing the plane of rotation of the rotor. In recent years other types of gyros have been used in spacecraft: laser ring gyros, hemispherical resonator gyros, and microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyrosthe type Space Technology 6 (ST6) will use. The simple gyroscope we are all most familiar with the childs top. Simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed steering logic compared to the generalized singular robust logic and pseudo inverse logic in terms of energy consumption and torque error.Woodbank does not monitor or record these emailsįorces acting through the center of gravity of the gyroscope are known as translation forces and do not change the angle of the plane of rotation but move the gyroscope as a unit. In the past all gyroscopes used spinning masses. An effective hybrid steering strategy, able to deal with the elliptic singularity, is further proposed. The singular angle sets of the 3-parallel cluster and pyramid cluster are distinguished using space expansion method.
Gyroscope in space free#
Even though the gyroscope might be weightless if free fall (aka outer space), it retains its mass and if it is given an angular momentum then it would work just like anywhere else.
Gyroscope in space full#
Based on inverse mapping transformation, an expanded Jacobian matrix which is a full rank square matrix is obtained. The principal behind the gyroscope is conservation of angular momentum which does not require gravity. Space expansion method has been proposed in this work for the singularity analysis.
The most serious situation, however, in using CMG is the inherent geometric singularity problem, where there’s no torque output along a particular direction. If a gyroscope is installed on gimbals that allow the mass to navigate freely in the three directions of space, its spinning axis will remain oriented in the same direction, even if it changes direction. Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) is an effective candidate for agile satellites and large spacecraft attitude control because of its powerful torque amplification capability.
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